From: vince@offshore.ai (Vincent Cate)
Newsgroups: sci.space.policy
Subject: Re: Settle the moon first using tethers
References: <9186edb5.0404210736.308d9697@posting.google.com> <9186edb5.0405061618.147d85b4@posting.google.com> <2g27hrF3g1vtU1@uni-berlin.de> <9186edb5.0405072126.dffecca@posting.google.com> <joe-43E278.09114610052004@comcast.ash.giganews.com>
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Joe Strout <joe@strout.net> wrote in message news:<joe-43E278.09114610052004@comcast.ash.giganews.com>...
> There's something I don't understand about momentum-transfer tethers.  A 
> tether is not a rigid structure -- it's a flexible rope.  So why, when I 
> attach a stationary load to the end of it as it comes by, does it lift 
> this load into orbit, instead of simply winding itself up like a yo-yo?

You don't "attach a stationary load".  The payload matches velocity
with the tip of the tether before it attaches.  Note that this
can be a much lower velocity than the center of mass of the tether.
 
If the payload is gaining momentum it will be attaching when the
tip of the tether is going backwards relative to the orbital motion
and then releasing when going the same direction as the orbital motion.
For example, imagine a LEO tether where the center of mass
is moving at 7.7 km/sec and the tip is rotating at 3.7 km/sec
relative to the center of mass.  A payload coming from
a suborbital rocket would have to be going 4 km/sec to
match velocity with the tip and then attach.  When it releases
it could be going 11.4 km/sec.  It can gain 2 times
the tip speed.   Some moon rocks coming the other way could
attach to the tether at 11.4 km/sec and release at 4 km/sec.
 
To visualize what is going on I recommend that you run my
Java applet at http://spacetethers.com/spacetethers.html
 
Even in a Space Elevator you are not really stationary when
you attach.  A Space Elevator is really a rotating tether
that rotates once per 24 hours, which is also once per orbit.  When
you get on at the equator you are really going about 1000 Mph,
since the surface of the Earth spins about that fast at the
equator.  Just for the record, existing materials make such 
high delta-Vs not practical today, and maybe for a long time.  
For Spectra-2000 the mass ratios as a function of delta-V and 
safety factor looks like:
 
 http://spacetethers.com/tethermassratio.gif
 
  -- Vince
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 Vincent Cate                           Space Tether Enthusiast
 vince@offshore.ai                      http://spacetethers.com/
 Anguilla, East Caribbean               http://offshore.ai/vince
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
You have to take life as it happens, but you should try to make it
happen the way you want to take it.    - German Proverb
